“level of metabolic dysfunction”

J. Araújo et al. “Prevalence of Optimal Metabolic Health in American Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2016,” Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. 17 (1) (2019): 46.

“Camille Maillard in 1912”

L.C. Maillard. “Action Des Acides Amines Sur Les Sucres; Formation De Melanoidines Par Voie Méthodique,” Comptes Rendus 154  (1912): 66.

“in our mitochondria”

D.C. Wallace. “A Mitochondrial Paradigm of Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Aging, and Cancer: A Dawn for Evolutionary Medicine,” Ann. Rev. Genet. 39  (2005): 359.

“extreme, cell death”

A. Dandekar et al. “Cross Talk between ER Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Health and Disease,” Methods Mol. Biol. 1292  (2015): 205.

“happens in the liver”

V.T. Samuel and G.I. Shulman. “Mechanisms for Insulin Resistance: Common Threads and Missing Links,” Cell 148  (2012): 852.

“the pancreas”

M. Liu et al. “Biosynthesis, Structure, and Folding of the Insulin Precursor Protein,” Diabetes Obes. Metab. 20 Suppl 2  (2018): 28.

“oxidative stress and damage”

P.M. Herst et al. “Functional Mitochondria in Health and Disease,” Front. Endocrinol. 8   (2017): 1.

“but there is no magic pill”

R.M. Whitaker et al. “Mitochondrial Biogenesis as a Pharmacological Target: A New Approach to Acute and Chronic Diseases,” Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 56 (2016): 229.

“(see Insulin Resistance below)”

J.M. Schwarz et al. “Impact of Dietary Fructose Restriction on Liver Fat, De Novo Lipogenesis, and Insulin Kinetics in Children with Obesity,” Gastroenterology 153   (2017): 743.

“and insulin deficiency”

J.A. Isserow et al. “Focal Fatty Infiltration of the Pancreas: MR Characterization with Chemical Shift Imaging,” Am. J. Roentgenol. 173  (1999): 1263.

“the earlier you die”

Y. Wang and S. Hekimi. “Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Longevity in Animals: Untangling the Knot,” Science 350  (2015): 1204.

“leading to diabetes”

A.L. Birkenfeld and G.I. Shulman. “Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hepatic Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes,” Hepatology 59  (2014): 713.

“leading to diabetes”

K.F. Petersen et al. “The Role of Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance in the Pathogenesis of the Metabolic Syndrome,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104  (2007): 12587.

“the environment sure has”

J.T. Haas and S.B. Biddinger. “Dissecting the Role of Insulin Resistance in the Metabolic Syndrome,” Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 20 (3) (2009): 206.

“far the biggest player”

C. Monteiro. “Nutrition and Health. The Issue Is Not Food, nor Nutrients, So Much as Processing,” Pub. Health Nutr. 12  (2009): 729.

“who are overweight”

A.E. Rinaldi et al. “Dietary Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Overweight and Obese Brazilian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study,” Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. 8 (1) (2016): 58.

“who are under stress”

L. Nasreddine et al. “A Minimally Processed Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Lower Odds of Metabolic Syndrome among Lebanese Adults,” Pub. Health Nutr. 21 (1) (2018): 160.

“cells’ overall fluidity”

Y. Shen et al. “Metabolic Activity Induces Membrane Phase Separation in Endoplasmic Reticulum,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.,  114 (51) (2017): 13394.

“radical (see Oxidative stress)”

J.J. DiNicolantonio and J.H. O’Keefe. “Omega-6 Vegetable Oils as a Driver of Coronary Heart Disease: The Oxidized Linoleic Acid Hypothesis,” Open Heart 5 (2) (2018): e000898.

“them on your own”

R.M. Bradley et al. “Influence of Tissue, Diet, and Enzymatic Remodeling on Cardiolipin Fatty Acyl Profile,” Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 60 (8) (2016): 1804.

“rest is environmental”

A.J. Lusis et al. “Metabolic Syndrome: From Epidemiology to Systems Biology,” Nat. Rev. Genet. 9  (2008): 819.

“origins of health and disease”

G.C. Burdge et al. “Epigenetic Regulation of Transcription: A Mechanism for Inducing Variations in Phenotype (Fetal Programming) by Differences in Nutrition During Early Life?,” Br. J. Nutr. 97  (2007): 1036.

“epigenetic inheritance”

M.K. Skinner et al. “Epigenetic Transgenerational Actions of Endocrine Disruptors,” Reprod. Toxicol. 31   (2011): 337.

“variations and lifestyle factors”

S.J. van Dijk et al. “Recent Developments on the Role of Epigenetics in Obesity and Metabolic Disease,” Clin. Epigenetics 7  (2015): 66.

“garbage night”

A. Louveau et al. “Structural and Functional Features of Central Nervous System Lymphatic Vessels,” Nature 523  (2015): 337.

“especially mitochondria”

V.M. Hubbard et al. “Selective Autophagy in the Maintenance of Cellular Homeostasis in Aging Organisms,” Biogerontology 13  (2012): 21.

“mitochondria by autophagy”

G. López-Lluch et al. “Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Metabolism and Ageing: Shared Mechanisms and Outcomes?,” Biogerontology 19  (2016): 461.

“more efficiently live longer”

Y. Raz et al. “Activation-Induced Autophagy Is Preserved in CD4+ T-Cells in Familial Longevity,” J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 72  (2017): 1201.

“to purposefully kill it”

M.J. Berridge. “Vitamin D Deficiency Accelerates Ageing and Age-Related Diseases: A Novel Hypothesis,” J. Physiol. 595  (2017): 6825.

“oxygen radical formation”

D. Liu et al. “Thiamine Deficiency and Neurodegeneration: The Interplay among Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Autophagy,” Mol. Neurobiol. 54   (2017): 5440.