“size of an adult”

D. Holland et al. “Structural Growth Trajectories and Rates of Change in the First 3 Months of Infant Brain Development,” JAMA Neurol. 71 (10) (2014): 1266.

“better neural transmission”

I. Vedin et al. “Reduced Prostaglandin F2 Alpha Release from Blood Mononuclear Leukocytes after Oral Supplementation of Omega3 Fatty Acids: The OmegAD Study,” J. Lipid Res. 51  (2010): 1179.

“mood by alleviating anxiety”

M. Lafourcade et al. “Nutritional Omega-3 Deficiency Abolishes Endocannabinoid-Mediated Neuronal Functions,” Nat. Neurosci. 14 (3) (2011): 345.

“leading to increased anxiety”

H.S. Bhatia et al. “Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency During Brain Maturation Reduces Neuronal and Behavioral Plasticity in Adulthood,” PLoS One 6 (12) (2011): e28451.

“by toxins such as fructose”

R. Agrawal and F. Gomez-Pinilla. “Metabolic Syndrome in the Brain: Deficiency in Omega-3-Fatty Acid Exacerbates Dysfunctions in Insulin Receptor Signaling and Cognition,” J. Physiol. 590 (Pt.10)  (2012): 2485.

“supplementing with them back in 2003”

E.L. Lien et al. “DHA and ARA Addition to Infant Formula: Current Status and Future Research Directions,” Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 128 (1) (2018): 26.

“outcomes in children”

J.R. Hibbeln et al. “Maternal Seafood Consumption in Pregnancy and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Childhood (ALSPAC Study): An Observational Cohort Study,” Lancet 369  (2007): 579.

“neurodevelopmental outcomes are improved”

M. Makrides et al. “Effect of DHA Supplementation During Pregnancy on Maternal Depression and Neurodevelopment of Young Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” JAMA 304 (15) (2010): 1675.

“soy-based lactose-free formula-fed infants”

A. Andres et al. “Developmental Status of 1-Year-Old Infants Fed Breast Milk, Cow’s Milk Formula, or Soy Formula,” Pediatrics 129 (6) (2012): 1134.

“galactose or of the disease itself”

M.E. Hermans et al. “Cognitive Functioning in Patients with Classical Galactosemia: A Systematic Review,” Orphanet. J. Rare Dis. 14 (1) (2019): 226.

“effects on fetuses as well”

Z.E. Clayton et al. “Early Life Exposure to Fructose Alters Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Hepatic Gene Expression and Leads to Sex-Dependent Changes in Lipid Metabolism in Rat Offspring,” PLoS One 10 (11) (2015): e0141962.

“even more free palmitate”

L. Rodríguez et al. “Fructose During Pregnancy Affects Maternal and Fetal Leptin Signaling,” J. Nutr. Biochem. 24 (10) (2013): 1709.

“way before the first taste of juice”

L. Paglia. “Taste Development and Prenatal Prevention,” Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent. 20 (4) (2019): 257.

“(diet soda, juice), and fruit”

J.F.W. Cohen et al. “Associations of Prenatal and Child Sugar Intake with Child Cognition,” Am. J. Prev. Med. 54 (6) (2018): 727.

“month-old infants”

M.I. Goran et al. “Fructose in Breast Milk Is Positively Associated with Infant Body Composition at 6 Months of Age,” Nutrients 9 (2) (2017): 146.

“poverty, and culture”

Centers for Disease Control. “CDC Releases 2018 Breastfeeding Report Card,” Aug 20, 2018.

“coming from sugar”

B. Young.  “Baby Formula Carbs.” Baby Formula Expert (2020).

“is in older children”

R.H. Lustig et al. “Isocaloric Fructose Restriction and Metabolic Improvement in Children with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome,” Obesity 24  (2016): 453.

“based on EU guidelines”

European Union. “Infant and follow-on formula — composition and information,” Document 32016R0127, Feb 22, 2016.

“baby into a sugar-liker”

F. Sartor et al. “Taste Perception and Implicit Attitude toward Sweet Related to Body Mass Index and Soft Drink Supplementation,” Appetite 57 (1) (2011): 237.

“accept it? Just once”

G.K. Beauchamp and J.A. Mennella. “Early Flavor Learning and Its Impact on Later Feeding Behavior,” J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 48 Suppl 1  (2009): S25.

“drinks came from sugar”

Y.C. Koo et al. “Food Claims and Nutrition Facts of Commercial Infant Foods,” PLoS One 13 (2) (2018): e0191982.

“Nutrition Facts label”

R. Walker and M. Goran. “Laboratory Determined Sugar Content and Composition of Commercial Infant Formulas, Baby Foods and Common Grocery Items Targeted to Children,” Nutrients 7 (7) (2015): 5850.

“for added sugar”

Hypoglycemia Support Foundation. “Added Sugar Repository, ” (2020).

“that number jumps to”

K.A. Herrick et al. “Added Sugars Intake among US Infants and Toddlers,” J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 120 (1) (2019): 23.

“The American Heart Association”

M.B. Vos et al. “Added Sugars and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Children: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association,” Circulation,  135 (19) (2016): e1017.

“and the WHO”

World Health Organization.  Commercial Foods for Infants and Young Children in the Who European Region. World Health Organization (Geneva: 2019).

“Nutrition Facts label”

A. Garcia.  “Stop Adding Sugar to Our Babies’ Food.” The Guardian, Jan 3, 2019.

“any food that comes in a pouch”

B. Koletzko et al. “Complementary Foods in Baby Food Pouches: Position Statement from the Nutrition Commission of the German Society for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ, e.V.),” Mol. Cell. Pediatr. 6 (1) (2019): 2.

“the mouth and a wider airway”

S.A.S. Moimaz et al. “Longitudinal Study of Habits Leading to Malocclusion Development in Childhood,” BMC Oral Health 14  (2014): 96.

“and mouth-breathers”

M.C. Pacheco et al. “Craniofacial Changes and Symptoms of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Healthy Children,” Dental Press J. Orthod. 20 (3) (2015): 80.

“(masseter, temporalis, and pterygoids)”

D.E. Lieberman et al. “Effects of Food Processing on Masticatory Strain and Craniofacial Growth in a Retrognathic Face,” J. Hum. Evol. 46 (6) (2004): 655.

“mastication and respiration”

A.L. Johnson. “The Temporomandibular Articulation in the Distoclusion Case,” Pacific Dental Gazzette  (1921): 228.

“the development of OSA”

I.R.B. Godoy et al. “Fat Accumulation in the Tongue Is Associated with Male Gender, Abnormal Upper Airway Patency and Whole-Body Adiposity,” Metabolism 65 (11) (2016): 1657.

“has been misdiagnosed”

D. Wajszilber et al. “Sleep Disorders in Patients with ADHD: Impact and Management Challenges,” Nat. Sci. Sleep 10  (2018): 453.